Abstract: At Creative Methods, we try
to “step outside the box” and look at fundamental issues in our world with
new perspective. Humans are adept at capitalizing on new ideas.
Consider, for example, harnessed electricity, the internal combustion engine,
and the integrated circuit. There is, however, a disinclination to ever
revisit the fundamentals, to ask why we are doing things a certain way, or,
in general, to ask why. A child quickly learns that questions such
as, “Why is the sky blue?” are irritating to adults and stops asking.
There is pressure to conform to “conventional wisdom” -- to do things the
accepted way, and not ask uncomfortable questions. At Creative Methods,
we strive to ask those questions -- to look at things in fresh ways that bring
insights into our world and our ideas about it and about ourselves.
Under the issue Air Quality, we present EPA data as maps and gradesheets that
grade US counties A to F for 21 EPA measures of air quality. The topics
of air pollution and environmental health are serious issues in the US, and
result in pollution health effects including headache, respiratory impairment,
neurological impairment, mental impairment, asthma, lung disease, chronic fatigue,
immune system dysfunction, premature aging, and reduced longevity.
Environmental science monitors air pollutant emissions, as well as
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criteria air pollutant concentrations through ambient monitoring.
The US Air Quality Gradebook (“AirGrades”) grades both emissions and
ambient concentrations on maps and gradesheets, and assigns resultant
composite scores to US counties. Air pollutants include
carbon monoxide, CO; lead, Pb; nitrogen dioxide, NO2; nitrogen oxides, NOx;
volatile organic compounds, VOC; ozone, O3;
particulate matter smaller than 10 micrometers in size, PM10;
particulate matter smaller than 2.5 micrometers in size, PM2.5; ammonia, NH3;
sulphur dioxide, SO2; hazardous air pollutants, HAP; diesel emissions; and
acrolein. Air pollution point sources include electric power generating
facilities and industrial plants. Area source emissions include
wildfires, forest fires, open burning, permitted burning, structure fires, and
fugitive dust. Mobile sources include highway and off-road vehicles with
internal combustion engines such as automobiles, trucks, trains, airplanes,
snowmobiles, and all terrain vehicles (ATVs). The maps, gradesheets, and
source sheets demonstrate that clean air is at a premium in the US. Sites
presenting issues on health and the environment related to those presented under
the topic Air Grades by Creative Methods at CreativeMethods.com are Scorecard
at Scorecard.com and the Environmental Protection Agency, EPA, at EPA.gov.
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